Guide for reading:
一, Comprehensive utilization technology for the nickel laterite with environment-friendly full hydrometallurgy method;
二, Comprehensive utilization technology for nickel refining waste residue;
三, Preparation of magnesium oxide from the nickel refine wastewater originated from nickel laterite.
一, Comprehensive utilization technology for the nickel laterite with environment-friendly full hydrometallurgy method
1、Technical field：
This technical belongs to hydrometallurgy field;
2、An outline of the process：
Acid——degradation approach is adapted to treating the magnesium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum and so on, which made its successful transformation from the elements to the corresponded salts introduced into the liquid phase. Then, the corresponding magnesium, iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum-based products could be obtained by the certain technological measurement. The resultant nickel- and cobalt-based product is the mixture of nickel and cobalt hydroxide or sulfide. As the mixture of nickel and cobalt sulfide for instance, the nickel grade and cobalt grade can be controlled beyond 28% and 7%, respectively. The resultant iron-based product is polymeric ferric sulfate or high purity ferric oxide used in soft magnetic ferrite area. The as-formed magnesium-based products are not only the feed grade magnesium sulfate with one water which has the larger used amounts in the market; but also containing the magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide or magnesium trisilicate, magnesium hexasilicate. Meanwhile, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate or the good dispersed silica which specialized in tires can be also prepared by using the residue form acid-degradation. This technology process can realized the comprehensive utilization of the solid and liquid waste, which doesn’t pollutes the environment.
3、Equipment investment：
We calculate it according to the daily treating with 100 tons of nickel laterite, the corresponding investment is 15-40 million RMB Yuan.
4、Economic benefits：
The net profit after tax can reach 2600 RMB Yuan when 1 ton of nickel laterite is processed.
5、Technical state：
The technical has passed laboratory tests and pilot studies. Currently, it has entered industrialized state.
6、The technical cooperation model and scope:
The technical cooperation model：Transfer of technology.
The scope of the Technical Service：We are responsible for the manufacture the designs of the flow-process, standard equipment with ancillary equipment, non-standard equipment, equipment layout, equipment installation, pipe network; and providing the equipment installation guide, equipment commissioning, production debugging, engineer training, analyzing labor training, mechanic training; also responsible for the process procedures, materials and product analysis, and the preparation of intermediate control methods to ensure the three standards of production, yield and quality, undertake turn key projects.
二、Comprehensive utilization technology for nickel refining waste residue;
The nickel refining waste residue originating from nickel laterite contains many valuable elements such as silicon, magnesium, iron, nickel and so on. Some companies are trying to apply them to the cement manufacturing. However, the resultant practical performance was influenced in some extent due to the higher content of magnesium. Because of in short of proper comprehensive approaches, in some companies, the nickel refining waste piles up which has caused serious environmental burden.
According to the components and the physical characterization of nickel refining waste residue, Nanyang East institute for applied chemistry has developed a new process using nickel refining waste residue to prepare good dispersed silica specialized in tires、battery grade ferrous oxalate、magnesium and nickel-cobalt concentrate. Additionally, the basic theoretical research、 laboratory study、pilot study and industrial experiment with 2000 tons/year has also been passed in succession.
Technical principle：
This technical belongs to hydrometallurgy field.
Firstly, nickel refining waste residue was crushed and treated with acid leaching. The acid leaching residue and solution can be obtained after filtration. Then, the highly dispersed silica can be obtained by treating with the waste residue; nickel- and cobalt-based sediments and iron-based sediments can be obtained by purifying the acid leaching solution. The former after drying can be salad as nickel and cobalt concentrate; the latter can be used to prepare battery grade ferrous oxalate after acid hydrolysis、reduction、purification、reaction、separation、washing、drying and packaging. The pure magnesium solution can be obtained by the further purification of acid leach liquor after nickel and iron refining. The pure magnesium solution can reaction with ammonia, after separation、washing、drying and packaging the magnesium hydroxide can be collected, or after heat treatment the magnesium oxide product can be obtained.
The industrial process doesn’t has the discharge of "three wastes" (waste gas, waste water and waste residues), which has no influence on the environment.
Equipment investment：
We calculate it according to the annual treating with 100000 tons of nickel refining waste residue; the corresponding investment is 80 million RMB Yuan.
The major economic and technological indexes：
The decomposition rate of raw ore：magnesium oxide＞97%，iron＞95%，nickel＞91%。
Yield：magnesium oxide＞80%；iron＞90%，silicon＞90%，nickel＞75%。
Input-output analysis：
When treating with 1 ton raw ore, the corresponding unit cost is calculated as follow:
Raw ore：1000kg; unit price：0.03 RMB yuan; sum price:：30 RMB yuan；
Sulfuric acid：1100kg; unit price：0.55 RMB yuan /kg; sum price: 605 RMB yuan；
Sodium hydroxide：726kg（96％）; unit price: 2.5 RMB yuan/kg; sum price: 1815 RMB yuan；
Electricity：600kw•h; unit price: 0.8 RMB yuan/kw•h，sum price: 480 RMB yuan；
Coal：1600kg; unit price: 0.7 RMB yuan /kg; sum price: 1120 RMB yuan；
Oxalic acid：221kg（96%）; unit price: 6 RMB yuan: sum price: 1326 RMB yuan；
Ammonia：294kg（18%）; unit price: 0.6 RMB yuan: sum price: 176.4 RMB yuan；
Precipitant for nickel：5kg; unit price: 3.5 RMB yuan; sum price: 17.5 RMB yuan；
The recovery and recycling of ammonia in system：441kg；
Salary：350 RMB yuan；
Others：100 RMB yuan；
Packaging：150 RMB yuan；
In sum：6169.9 RMB yuan
Based on treating with 1 ton nickel refining waste residue, the output can be calculated as follow:
1、flame retardant grade magnesium hydroxide：181kg，unit price:12 RMB yuan /kg，sum cost: 2712 RMB yuan；
2、highly dispersed silica：517kg，unit price:8 RMB yuan /kg，sum cost:4136 RMB yuan；
3、ferrous oxalate：212kg，unit price:13 RMB yuan /kg，sum cost:2756 RMB yuan；
4、nickel concentrate: 15kg，containing 33% of Ni，Ni:4.95kg，unit price:9 RMB yuan /kg，sum cost:44.55 RMB yuan；cobalt concentrate 10.2kg，containing 7% of Co，Co:0.714kg，unit price:200 RMB yuan /kg，sum cost:142.8 RMB yuan；In sum：187.35 RMB yuan。
Total output：9791.35 RMB yuan。
To sum up，treating with 1 ton nickel refining waste residue, the total input is 6169.9 RMB yuan, the total output is 9791.35 RMB yuan，the total profit is 3621.45 RMB yuan.
The technical cooperation model and scope:
Transfer of technology. We are responsible for the manufacture the designs of the flow-process, standard equipment with ancillary equipment, non-standard equipment, equipment layout, equipment installation, pipe network; and providing the equipment installation guide, equipment commissioning, production debugging, engineer training, analyzing labor training, mechanic training; also responsible for the process procedures, materials and product analysis, and the preparation of intermediate control methods to ensure the three standards of production, yield and quality, undertake turn key projects.
三、Preparation of magnesium oxide from the nickel refine wastewater originated from nickel laterite.
The nickel laterite contains nickel、iron、silicon、magnesium、calcium and so on，which are usually used to prepare nickel concentrate and other nickel-based compounds. During the process of refining of nickel, amounts of wastewater containing Mg2+ at about 20～48g/L is discharged with large quantity, which leads to the Mg resource loss and pollute the environment in large extent owing to lacking of effective utilize means.
With the efforts for many years, Nanyang East institute for applied chemistry (which had been names as Boron Magnesium Industrial Technology Research Institute in Nanyang) developed the process using refining nickel waste solution to prepare magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide. This technology includes the purification of solution, the preparation of precipitating agent, the precipitation of magnesium carbonate, the separation and washing, drying and packaging of magnesium carbonate, the calcining of magnesium oxide、 crushing、grading and packaging, the comprehensive utilization of magnesium carbonate liquor. The process has no discharge of “three waste”.
The main equipments and the investments：
The solution purifier、precipitant complex orchestration、filter、precipitation reactor、separation and rinsing systems、drying equipment for magnesium carbonate、the calcaining equipment for magnesium oxide、 grading and packaging equipments、the systems for comprehensive utilization of magnesium carbonate liquor and so on.
The equipment investment is about RMB 6 million which is calculated based on the annual output of magnesium oxide up to 5000 tons.
The products quality：
Magnesium carbonate quality meets to the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 (two);
Magnesium oxide quality: by adjusting different conditions, various kinds of magnesium oxide include the industrial light magnesium oxide、industrial activated light magnesium oxide、medical grade magnesium oxide、silicon steel grade magnesium oxide and high purity magnesium oxide can be prepared. The quality for all the products meets with the national standards.
The production cost：
Magnesium carbonate 2560～3800 yuan /ton；magnesium oxide 6800 yuan/ton；
Current price：
industrial light magnesium carbonate 3400 yuan/ton；medical food grade magnesium carbonate 8500 yuan/ton；industrial light magnesium oxide 9500～15000 yuan /ton；medical grade magnesium oxide 25000 yuan /ton；silicon steel grade magnesium oxide 30000 yuan /ton；industrial activated light magnesium oxide 10000~18000 yuan /ton.
Technical state：
The technical has been industrialized.
The technical cooperation model and scope:
Transfer of technology. We are responsible for the manufacture the designs of the flow-process, standard equipment with ancillary equipment, non-standard equipment, equipment layout, equipment installation, pipe network; and providing the equipment installation guide, equipment commissioning, production debugging, engineer training, analyzing labor training, mechanic training; also responsible for the process procedures, materials and product analysis, and the preparation of intermediate control methods to ensure the three standards of production, yield and quality, undertake turn key projects.
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